CONDITIONALS AND WHEN TO USE THEM

 


CONDITIONALS

Conditional sentences are used to describe the result of a certain condition and are based on the word "IF".

Conditional sentences are formed by two parts: one part begins with "if" to describe a possible action and a second part that describes a consequence.

TYPES OF CONDITIONALS


ZERO CONDITIONAL:

We use zero conditionals when we talk about permanet truths such as scientific facts and general habits.

Structure: (IF + PRESENT SIMPLE / PRESENT SIMPLE)

Examples: 

-If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.

-If you eat a lot of food, you put on weight.

FIRST CONDITIONAL:

We use first conditional when we talk about a realistic situation in the present or future.

Structure: (IF +  PRESENT SIMPLE / WILL, CAN, MUST + INFINITIVE VERB)

Examples: 

- If you are free later, we can go for a walk.

- If he studies hard, he will do well in the exam.

SECOND CONDITIONAL:

We use second conditionals when we talk about improbable or impossible situations in the present of future.

Structure: (IF + PAST SIMPLE / WOULD, COULD + VERB)

Examples:

- If I had more time, I would exercise more.

- If she saw a ghost, she would be terrified.

THRID CONDITIONAL:

We use third conditional when we talk about impossible situations in the past or to describe regrets.

Structure: (IF + PAST PERFECT / WOULD HAVE, COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE)

Example:

-If we had left earlier, we would have arrived on time.

- If I hadn't learned English, I would have gotten this job.

MIXED CONDITIONALS:

1) PAST/PRESENT:

We use this sentence when we want to imagine how a change in the past situation would have a result in the present.

Structure: (IF + PAST PAST PERFECT / WOULD INFITIVE VERB)

Example:

-If i hadn't got this job on Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my wife.

2) PRESENT/ PAST 

We use this sentence when we have to imagine how a different situation in the present would mean that the past was different as well.

Structure: (IF + PAST SIMPLE/ WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE)

Example: If it wasn't really important, I wouldn't have called you.




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